Disease Management of Mango
Disease Management of Mango
Powdery Mildew of Mango
Causal Organism: The disease is caused by the fungal pathogen Oidium mangiferae Berth.
Symptoms:
1. Powdery mildew on inflorescence and tender leaves with whitish or grayish powdery growth is the most common stage of this disease.
2. The fungal infection starts from the tip of the inflorescence and spreads downwards to the floral axis, tender leaves, and thin stem.
3. Symptoms of powdery growth on leaves and shoots are more common.
4. Warm moist weather and cooler nights favor the disease dissemination within and between trees.
5. Infected floral parts are severely damaged and drop off.
6. There will be the reduction in number and size of flowers which results in reduced yields.
7. The fruits drop at a premature stage which is often malformed and off colored.
Management:
1. The infected gardens should be kept free from weeds and other alternate hosts.
2. Removal and burning of infected leaves, shoots, and flowers help to reduce the spread of the disease.
3. Spraying with Defense 35SC (Carbendazim + Hexaconazole) 01ml/Li or Haysulf 80%DF (Sulphur) 02gm/Li or Haymancozeb (Mancozeb) 02gm/Li or Acrobat MZ (Mancozeb+Dimethomorph) 02gm/Li of water gives effective control of powdery mildew. The first spray may be given soon after flowering, followed by 2 more sprays at fortnightly intervals.
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| Powdery Mildew of Mango |
Anthracnose of Mango
Causal Organism: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
Symptoms:
1. It is of widespread occurrence in the field and in storage.
2. The disease causes serious losses to young shoots, flowers, and fruits under favorable climatic conditions (high humidity, frequent rains and the temperature range of 24- 32°C).
2. The disease causes serious losses to young shoots, flowers, and fruits under favorable climatic conditions (high humidity, frequent rains and the temperature range of 24- 32°C).
3. The disease produces leaf spot, blossom blight, withered tip, twig blight and fruit rot symptoms.
4. Tender shoots and foliage are easily affected which ultimately cause dieback of young branches.
5. Older twigs may also be infected through wounds, which in severe cases may be fatal.
5. Black spots develop on panicles. Severe infection destroys the entire inflorescence resulting in failure of fruit setting.
6. Young infected fruits develop black spots, shrivel and drop off. Fruits infected at mature stage carry the fungus into storage and cause significant loss during storage, transit, and marketing.
Management :
1. The diseased twigs should be pruned and burnt along with fallen leaves.
2. Spraying twice with Defense 35SC (Carbendazim + Hexaconazole) 01ml/Li at 14 days interval during flowering controls blossom infection.
3. Spraying of copper fungicides like Sulcox 50%WP (Copper oxychloride) 04gm/Li or Novofix 42WDG ( Copper+ Mancozeb) 02gm/Li is recommended for the control of foliar infection.
4. Postharvest disease of mango caused by anthracnose could be controlled by dip treatment of fruits in Carbendazim (0.1%) in hot water at 52°C for 15 minutes.
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| Anthracnose of Mango |
Die Back of Mango
Dieback is one of the serious diseases of mango. The disease on the tree may be noticed at any time of the year but it is most conspicuous during October-November.
Symptoms:
1. The disease is characterized by drying of twigs and branches followed by complete defoliation, which gives the tree an appearance of scorching by fire.
2. Initially, it is evident by discoloration and darkening of the bark. The dark area advances and extends outward along the veins of leaves.
3. The affected leaf turns brown and its margins roll upwards. At this stage, the twig or branch dies, shrivels and leaf falls. This may be accompanied by exudation of yellowish brown gum.
Management:
1. Pruning of the diseased twigs 2-3 inches below the affected portion and spraying Sulcox 50%WP (Copper Oxychloride) (0.3%) on infected trees controls the disease.
2. The cut ends of the pruned twigs are pasted with Copper Oxychloride (0.3%).
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| Dieback |
Phoma Blight Of Mango
Causal Organism: Phoma glomerata
Symptoms:
1. The symptoms of the disease are observed only on old leaves.
2. Initially, the lesions are angular, minute, irregular, yellow to light brown, scattered over leaf lamina.
3. As the lesions enlarge, their color changes from brown to cinnamon and they become almost irregular.
4. In case of severe infection, such spots coalesce forming patches resulting in complete withering and defoliation of infected leaves.
Management :
The disease is controlled by spraying Defense 35SC (0.2%) just after the appearance of the disease followed by 0.3% Sulcox 50%WP (Copper Oxychloride) at 14 days interval.
Bacterial Canker of Mango
Causal Organism: Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae
Symptoms:
1. The disease causes fruit drop (10-70%), yield loss (10-85%) and storage rot (5-100%).
2. Many commercial cultivars of mango including Langra, Amrapali, Mallika etc. are susceptible to this disease.
3. The disease is found on leaves, petioles, twigs, branches, and fruits.
4. The disease first appears as minute water soaked irregular lesions on any part of the leaf or leaf lamina. Several lesions coalesce to form irregular necrotic cankerous patches.
5. In severe infections, the leaves turn yellow and drop off. Cankerous lesions also appear on petioles, twigs and young fruits.
6. The water soaked lesions also develop on fruits which later turn dark brown to black. They often burst open, releasing highly contagious gummy ooze containing bacterial cells.
Management:
Three sprays of Streptocycline (0.01%) or Agrimycin-100 (0.01%) after first visual symptom at 10-day intervals and monthly sprays of Carbendazim (Defense 0.1%) or Copper Oxychloride (Sulcox 0.3%) are effective in controlling the disease. |
| Bacterial Canker |
Red Rust of Mango
Symptoms:
1. The disease attack causes the reduction in photosynthetic activity and defoliation of leaves thereby reducing the vitality of the host plant.
2. The disease is evident by the rusty red spots mainly on leaves and sometimes on petioles and bark of young twigs.
3. The spots are greenish grey in color and velvety in texture.
4. Later, they turn reddish brown. The circular and slightly elevated spots sometimes coalesce to form larger and irregular spots.
5. The affected portion of stem cracks. In case of severe infection, the bark becomes thick, twigs get enlarged but remain stunted and the foliage finally dries up.
Management
1. Two to three sprays of Copper Oxychloride (Sulcox 50%WP @0.3%) is effective in controlling the disease. |
| Red Rust |
Sooty Mould of Mango
Symptoms:
1. The disease is common in the orchards where mealy bug, scale insects, and hoppers are not controlled efficiently.
2. The disease in the field is recognized by the presence of a black sooty mold on the leaf surface. In severe cases, the trees turn completely black due to the presence of mold over the entire surface of twigs and leaves.
3. The severity of infection depends on the honeydew secretion of the above insects. Honeydews secretions from insects stick to the leaf surface and provide necessary medium for fungal growth. Although the fungus causes no direct damage, the photosynthetic activity of the leaf is adversely affected.
Management
Pruning of affected branches and their prompt destruction followed by spraying of Haysulf (0.2% )+ Acrobat MZ (0.2%)+ Defense 35SC (0.1%) helps to control the disease. |
| Sooty mold |
Diplodia Stem-end Rot of Mango
Symptoms:
The fungus enters through mechanically injured areas on the stem or skin. The fungus grows from the pedicel into a circular black lesion around the pedicel.
Management
Careful handling to minimize mechanical injuries. The postharvest dip of fruits in Carbendazim (0.1%) or in hot water at 52 ± 1°C for 15 minutes controls the disease in storage and transit.
About Md. Masud Rana Parvej
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